1. Chip Introduction The GD32F103xx devices are 32-bit general-purpose microcontrollers based on the Arm® Cortex®-M3 RISC core, offering an optimal balance of processing power, reduced power consumption, and peripheral configuration. The Cortex®-M3 is a next-generation processor core featuring a tightly coupled Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller (NVIC), SysTick timer, and advanced debug support. The GD32F103xx devices operate with the Arm® Cortex®-M3 32-bit processor core at 108 MHz frequency, achieving zero-wait-state flash access for maximum efficiency. They provide up to 3 MB of on-chip flash memory and up to 96 KB of SRAM. A wide range of enhanced I/Os and peripherals are connected to two APB buses. The devices offer three 12-bit ADCs, up to two 12-bit DACs, up to ten general-purpose 16-bit timers, two basic timers plus two PWM advanced timers, as well as standard and advanced communication interfaces: up to three SPIs, two I2Cs, three USARTs, two UARTs, two I2Ss, one USBD, one CAN, and one SDIO. The devices operate at a supply voltage of 2.6 to 3.6 V within a temperature range of -40 to +85°C. Multiple power-saving modes provide maximum flexibility for optimizing wake-up latency and power consumption, which is particularly important for low-power applications. These features make the GD32F103xx devices suitable for a wide range of applications, especially in industrial control, motor drives, power monitoring, alarm systems, consumer and handheld devices, POS, automotive GPS, video intercoms, and PC peripherals. 2. Product Features 32-bit Arm® Cortex®-M3 processor core operating at up to 108 MHz, featuring single-cycle multiplication and hardware division, integrated Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller (NVIC), 24-bit SysTick timer. The Cortex®-M3 processor is based on the ARMv7 architecture and supports the Thumb and Thumb-2 instruction sets. Some of the system peripherals listed below are also part of the Cortex®-M3: Internal bus matrix connecting I-Code bus, D-Code bus, system bus, Private Peripheral Bus (PPB), and debug access. Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller (NVIC). Flash Patch and Breakpoint (FPB). Data Watchpoint and Trace (DWT). Instrumentation Trace Macrocell (ITM). Embedded Trace Macrocell (ETM). Serial Wire JTAG Debug Port (SWJ-DP). Trace Port Interface Unit (TPIU). Memory Protection Unit (MPU).